$4.75 Trillion of Client BalancesNarrow moat

Bank of America (BAC) — moat facet

Merrill and the Private Bank look after $4.75 trillion, more than twice Bank of America's deposits.

The largest pool of money Bank of America looks after is not its deposits. Global Wealth & Investment Management had client balances of $4,751,394 million at the end of 2025, of which Merrill held $3,992,312 million and the Private Bank $759,082 million1. That is more than twice the bank's total deposits of $2,018,729 million2.

GWIM client balances ($bn)4,252End 20244,751End 20254,934June 2026Bank of America Form 10-K FY2025; Q2 2026 results release
Nearly five trillion dollars.

Client balances grew about 11.7% in 2025 from $4,252,106 million34, and reached $4,934.4 billion in June 20265. Assets under management, the part on which the bank charges an advisory fee, were $2,177,708 million at the end of 20256 and $2.3 trillion in June 2026, up 17%7.

Merrill came with an all-stock deal worth approximately $50 billion that closed on 1 January 20098. Seventeen years later its wealth business produced $20,716 million of revenue in 20259.

Client balances are sticky in the same way deposits are. A household that has a financial adviser, several accounts and a tax history with a firm rarely moves all of it.

The balances are also a source of deposits for the bank. The segment earned net interest income of $7,197 million in 202510, largely on client cash and loans, which is how a wealth business connects back to the deposit moat.

Client balances are reported each quarter. They rise with markets, so the better test is net client flows, discussed on the next page; a fall in balances while markets rose would be the warning.

Moat trajectory: Widening

Client balances $4.25T to $4.75T in 2025; $4.93T in June 2026.

The number that tests this moat
Reported
GWIM client balances, latest quarter
$4,934.4bn (June 2026)

The size of the wealth franchise; a fall while markets rose would mean clients were leaving.

Source: Bank of America Q2 2026 earnings release ↗
⚠ Threats to the moat
⚠ THREAT 01
Balances Rise and Fall With the Market
Most of Merrill's growth in 2025 came from rising markets, which will run in reverse in a bad year.
References
  1. ReportedGlobal Wealth & Investment Management had client balances of $4,751,394 million at the end of 2025, of which Merrill held $3,992,312 million and the Private Bank $759,082 million.
    Bank of America Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - business segment note and segment key statistics. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  2. ReportedThat is more than twice the bank's total deposits of $2,018,729 million.
    Bank of America Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - average balance sheet, deposits, net interest income and rate sensitivity. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  3. ReportedClient balances grew about 11.7% in 2025 from $4,252,106 million, and reached $4,934.4 billion in June 2026.
    Bank of America Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - financial highlights, income statement, capital and shareholders' equity. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  4. Moat Explorer calcClient balances grew about 11.7% in 2025 from $4,252,106 million, and reached $4,934.4 billion in June 2026.
    Moat Explorer calculation from Bank of America's reported figures ($ millions unless stated). Deposits: cost of total deposits = interest on interest-bearing deposits / (average interest-bearing + average noninterest-bearing deposits): 2019 7,188 / 1,380,326 = 0.52%; 2021 537 / 1,914,286 = 0.03%; 2022 4,718 / 1,986,158 = 0.24%; 2023 26,163 / 1,887,541 = 1.39%; 2024 38,442 / 1,924,106 = 2.00%; 2025 34,513 / 1,984,182 = 1.74% (1,469,705 + 514,477 = 1,984,182, about $1.98 trillion). Average total deposits 2015 1,155,860; 2021 1,914,286; 2022 1,986,158 (about $1.99 trillion); 2015 to 2025 1,984,182 / 1,155,860 - 1 = 72%. Noninterest-bearing share 744,035 / 1,914,286 = 38.9% (2021); 514,477 / 1,984,182 = 25.9% (2025). Noninterest-bearing decline 751,470 - 514,477 = 236,993 (about $237 billion). JPMorgan comparison: deposit cost gap 1.80% - 1.74% = 0.06 points; 0.0006 x 1,984,182 = about 1,190 (about $1.2 billion). JPMorgan revenue per dollar of average deposits 182,447 / 2,506,565 = 7.3 cents; Bank of America 113,097 / 1,984,182 = 5.7 cents. JPMorgan year-end deposits 2,559,320 / 2,018,729 - 1 = 27%; revenue 182,447 / 113,097 - 1 = 61%; market value 935.79 / 391.80 = 2.4 times. Net income margin JPMorgan 57,048 / 182,447 = 31.3%; Bank of America 30,509 / 113,097 = 27.0%. Efficiency gap 61.65% - 52% = 9.65 points x 113,097 = about 10,914 (about $10.9 billion). Loans to deposits 1,185,700 / 2,018,729 = 58.7%. Uninsured deposits 723.0 + 134.9 = 857.9 billion; 857.9 / 2,018.7 = 42.5%; insured and other 2,018.7 - 857.9 = 1,160.8 billion. Consumer deposits per checking account 957.0 billion / 38.7 million = about $24,700. Securities: held-to-maturity unrealised loss as a share of common equity 108,596 / 244,800 = 44% (2022); 82,094 / 276,100 = 30% (June 2026). Held-to-maturity amortised cost 2021 674,591 - 2025 522,685 = 151,906 (about $152 billion); 2020 438,279 to 2021 674,591 = +236,312 (about $236 billion); 2021 fair value 665,890 - cost 674,591 = -8,701. Runoff time 505,828 / 34,794 = 14.5 years. Agency MBS share of loss 67,309 / 80,257 = 84%. Net interest income H1 31,742 / 29,113 - 1 = 9.0%. Capital: CET1 headroom (11.2% - 10.0%) x 1,792 billion = about 21.5 billion; 2027 minimum 4.5% + 3.5% + 2.5% = 10.5%. Capital returned 2025 (8.1 + 21.433) / 29.055 = 101% of net income to common. Average diluted shares 7,680.9 / 11,236.2 - 1 = -31.6%. EPS growth (3.81 / 1.31)^(1/10) - 1 = 11.3% a year. Price to tangible book 56.03 / 29.37 = 1.91. Revenue 2023 102,769 to 2025 113,097 = +10%. Compensation 42,346 / 69,727 = 61% of noninterest expense. Financial centers 3,530 / 3,664 - 1 = -3.7%. Noninterest expense Q2 2026 18,627 / 17,183 - 1 = 8.4%. Berkshire holding 483,394,015 / 1,032,852,006 - 1 = -53%. Investment banking fees Q2 2025 implied 2.1 / 1.5 = 1.4 billion. Segments (FTE, 2025): segment revenue 43,673 + 24,883 + 24,108 + 24,096 = 116,760; less All Other 3,054 = 113,706; less FTE adjustment 609 = 113,097. Shares of total FTE revenue: Consumer 43,673 / 113,706 = 38.4%; GWIM 24,883 / 113,706 = 21.9%. Shares of net income 30,509: Consumer 12,245 = 40.1%; Global Banking 7,793 = 25.5%; Global Markets 6,111 = 20.0%; GWIM 4,670 = 15.3%. Net income margins: Consumer 12,245 / 43,673 = 28.0%; GWIM 4,670 / 24,883 = 18.8% (2024 4,263 / 22,929 = 18.6%; 2023 3,947 / 21,105 = 18.7%); Global Banking 7,793 / 24,108 = 32.3%; Global Markets 6,111 / 24,096 = 25.4%. Consumer net interest income 35,309 / 43,673 = 81%; Consumer provision 4,649 / 5,675 = 82%. Growth 2023-2025: Consumer 43,673 / 42,031 - 1 = 3.9%; GWIM 24,883 / 21,105 - 1 = 17.9%; Global Markets 24,096 / 19,533 - 1 = 23.4%; Global Banking net income 7,793 / 10,072 - 1 = -23%. Consumer H1 2026 revenue 11,336 + 11,049 = 22,385. GWIM net interest income 7,197 / 24,883 = 29%. Revenue per dollar of year-end assets: Global Markets 24,096 / 1,032,858 = 2.3 cents; Consumer 43,673 / 1,039,346 = 4.2 cents. GWIM client balances 4,751,394 / 4,252,106 - 1 = 11.7%, increase 499,288; net flows 81,997 / 4,252,106 = 1.9%; consumer investment assets 639.5 / 599.1 - 1 = 6.7%. Revenue per dollar of balances: Private Bank 4,167 / 759,082 = 0.55%; Merrill 20,716 / 3,992,312 = 0.52%; Private Bank share of GWIM balances 759,082 / 4,751,394 = 16% and revenue 4,167 / 24,883 = 17%. Investment and brokerage services 19,956 / 17,766 - 1 = 12.3%. Common equity 277,251 / total assets 3,411,738 = 8.1%. AUM net flows 81,997 / 2,177,708 = 3.8%. Held-to-maturity loss 2023 97,994 / 263,249 = 37%. Share price 56.03 / 52-week high 65.23 - 1 = -14%. First half 2026 (Q1 + Q2): Consumer Banking revenue 11,049 + 11,336 = 22,385 and net income 3,060 + 3,281 = 6,341; Global Banking net income 2,087 + 2,046 = 4,133; Global Markets revenue 7,109 + 8,022 = 15,131 - capital, valuation, returns and comparisons with JPMorgan. — 2015-2026 · publ. September 2026 · source ↗
    Method: Arithmetic on figures reported in Bank of America's Forms 10-K and 10-Q, earnings releases, JPMorgan's 10-K, Berkshire 13F tables and market data; operands shown in the source line.
  5. ReportedClient balances grew about 11.7% in 2025 from $4,252,106 million, and reached $4,934.4 billion in June 2026.
    Bank of America second-quarter 2026 earnings release, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - consolidated results, credit quality, capital and forward-looking risks. — Q2 2026 · publ. 14 July 2026 · source ↗
  6. ReportedAssets under management, the part on which the bank charges an advisory fee, were $2,177,708 million at the end of 2025 and $2.3 trillion in June 2026, up 17%.
    Bank of America Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - financial highlights, income statement, capital and shareholders' equity. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  7. ReportedAssets under management, the part on which the bank charges an advisory fee, were $2,177,708 million at the end of 2025 and $2.3 trillion in June 2026, up 17%.
    Bank of America second-quarter 2026 earnings release, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - consolidated results, credit quality, capital and forward-looking risks. — Q2 2026 · publ. 14 July 2026 · source ↗
  8. Third-party estimateMerrill came with an all-stock deal worth approximately $50 billion that closed on 1 January 2009.
    Wikipedia, Bank of America - corporate history (mergers and chief executives). — History · publ. 2026 · source ↗
  9. ReportedSeventeen years later its wealth business produced $20,716 million of revenue in 2025.
    Bank of America Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - financial highlights, income statement, capital and shareholders' equity. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
  10. ReportedThe segment earned net interest income of $7,197 million in 2025, largely on client cash and loans, which is how a wealth business connects back to the deposit moat.
    Bank of America Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 - business segment note and segment key statistics. — FY2025 · publ. 25 February 2026 · source ↗
Sources
Generated September 25, 2026