VeriSignWide moat
VRSN — overall economic moat
VeriSign sells one thing, and it does not sell it to you.
When somebody registers a .com name, they pay a registrar — GoDaddy, Namecheap, Cloudflare, one of a couple of thousand others. The registrar keeps its margin and sends VeriSign a wholesale fee for each name for each year: $10.26 for a .com and $10.91 for a .net.1 Multiply by the 173.5 million .com and .net registrations on the books at the end of 2025 and you have essentially the entire company: $1,656.6 million of revenue, up 6%.2 There is no second product to speak of. There is no enterprise sales motion, no seat expansion, no upsell. There is a number of names and there is a price per name, and the price is written down in a contract.
That contract is the business. VeriSign operates .com and .net under registry agreements with ICANN, and .com additionally under a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce.3 The .com agreement runs to November 30, 2030 and carries a presumptive right of renewal. It permits VeriSign to raise the wholesale price by up to 7% a year in each of the final four years of every six-year period — the current one began on October 26, 2024. So the price does not move because a customer negotiated or a rival undercut. It moves because a clause allows it, on a schedule everyone can read years in advance.
What comes out the other end is a set of numbers that look like a misprint. Operating income was $1,121.0 million — an operating margin of 67.7% — and net income $825.7 million, or 49.8% of revenue. Half of every dollar that arrives becomes profit. The company that produces this employs 928 people.4 Total assets are $1,325.9 million, less than a single year of revenue, and shareholders' equity is negative, because three decades of buybacks have retired more stock than the balance sheet ever held.5 Registrants pay for the year ahead, so $1.45 billion of deferred revenue funds the operation before a dollar of capital is required.6
The rest is small. VeriSign runs .cc under an agreement with the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, operates .name and several internationalised gTLDs, provides back-end services for .edu, performs the Root Zone Maintainer function for ICANN, and operates two of the thirteen root servers at the top of the DNS. These are real responsibilities and immaterial revenue. Geographically the split is U.S. $1,093.1M, EMEA $279.4M, APAC $184.6M, other $99.5M — but that measures where the registrar is incorporated, not where the website owner lives, which is why two-thirds of the internet's address book books as American revenue.7
One operating statistic matters more than any of the financial ones. In July 2026 the company extended its record of 100% availability for .com and .net domain name resolution to twenty-nine consecutive years.8 Not 99.99%. Every query, every year, since the Clinton administration. When people ask why a government would keep handing this contract back to the same company, that record is most of the answer.
The market pays ~$26.8 billion for it — about 31 times earnings and 15.7 times sales.12 The sales multiple only looks strange until you remember the margin. What you are buying is a toll on the internet's address book, set by contract rather than by competition, on a base of names that grows slowly and a price that grows on a published timetable. The thing to understand before anything else is that both halves of that sentence are somebody else's decision.
It is worth being precise about who VeriSign actually deals with, because almost every unusual thing about the company follows from it. More than three thousand ICANN-accredited registrars sit between VeriSign and the world.11 They find the customers, take the orders, run the billing, handle the support and set the retail price — which runs from a promotional dollar in the first year to well over twenty at list.9 VeriSign is contractually barred from selling directly and from most of the marketing a supplier would ordinarily do. So it has no customer acquisition cost, no churn to manage, and no idea who owns any of the 179 million names. It also has a customer concentration that would frighten anyone reading it cold: approximately 31% of revenue from a single registrar, disclosed alongside VeriSign's own statement that losing that customer would not matter, because the registrants would move to another one.10 Its four regional revenue lines are taken in turn in The Revenue Lines.
There is essentially one product. VeriSign charges registrars $10.26 a year per .com name and $10.91 per .net, and the 173.5 million registrations in the domain name base at the end of 2025 produced $1,656.6 million of revenue, up 6%. By registrar domicile it is U.S. $1,093.1M, EMEA $279.4M, APAC $184.6M and other $99.5M. Watch the two inputs separately: units and price move for entirely unrelated reasons.
Source: VeriSign Form 10-K, FY2025 ↗A legal monopoly on the address book of most of global commerce, with the price written into the contract and twenty-nine years of never having failed — and a term that ends in 2030.
- ReportedThe registry-level wholesale fee is $10.26 for each new and renewal .com registration and $10.91 for .net.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K FY2025 — Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis. Revenues $1,656.6M (+6%) against $1,557.4M in 2024 (+4%) and $1,493.1M in 2023; operating income $1,121.0M (+6%). Costs as a percentage of revenues: cost of revenues 11.8% (12.3%, 13.2%), research and development 6.3% (6.2%, 6.1%), selling, general and administrative 14.2% (13.6%, 13.7%), total costs and expenses 32.3% (32.1%, 33.0%), operating income 67.7% (67.9%, 67.0%), interest expense (4.6)%, net income 49.8% (50.4%, 54.8%). The .com and .net domain name base was 173.5 million at 31 December 2025 (+3%) against 169.0 million in 2024 (−2%) and 172.7 million in 2023. VeriSign processed 41.7 million new .com and .net registrations in 2025 against 37.4 million in 2024; the final third-quarter 2025 renewal rate was 75.4% against 72.2%. The registry-level wholesale fee rose from $9.59 to $10.26 for .com effective 1 September 2024 and from $9.92 to $10.91 for .net effective 1 February 2024. Geographic revenues: U.S. $1,093.1M (+6%), EMEA $279.4M (+12%), APAC $184.6M (+5%), other $99.5M (+3%). VeriSign repurchased 3.4 million shares for $858.6M in 2025, with $1.08 billion remaining under a programme authorised to $1.50 billion effective 24 July 2025. — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- Reported173.5 million .com and .net registrations in the domain name base at 31 December 2025; revenue $1,656.6M, up 6%; operating income $1,121.0M at a 67.7% margin; net income $825.7M at 49.8% of revenue.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K FY2025 — Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis. Revenues $1,656.6M (+6%) against $1,557.4M in 2024 (+4%) and $1,493.1M in 2023; operating income $1,121.0M (+6%). Costs as a percentage of revenues: cost of revenues 11.8% (12.3%, 13.2%), research and development 6.3% (6.2%, 6.1%), selling, general and administrative 14.2% (13.6%, 13.7%), total costs and expenses 32.3% (32.1%, 33.0%), operating income 67.7% (67.9%, 67.0%), interest expense (4.6)%, net income 49.8% (50.4%, 54.8%). The .com and .net domain name base was 173.5 million at 31 December 2025 (+3%) against 169.0 million in 2024 (−2%) and 172.7 million in 2023. VeriSign processed 41.7 million new .com and .net registrations in 2025 against 37.4 million in 2024; the final third-quarter 2025 renewal rate was 75.4% against 72.2%. The registry-level wholesale fee rose from $9.59 to $10.26 for .com effective 1 September 2024 and from $9.92 to $10.91 for .net effective 1 February 2024. Geographic revenues: U.S. $1,093.1M (+6%), EMEA $279.4M (+12%), APAC $184.6M (+5%), other $99.5M (+3%). VeriSign repurchased 3.4 million shares for $858.6M in 2025, with $1.08 billion remaining under a programme authorised to $1.50 billion effective 24 July 2025. — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- Reported.com and .net operate under ICANN registry agreements, with .com also under a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce; the .com term runs to 30 November 2030 with a presumptive right of renewal and permits 7% annual increases in the final four years of each six-year period, the current one having begun 26 October 2024. VeriSign also runs .cc, .name, IDN gTLDs, the .edu back end, the Root Zone Maintainer function and two of the thirteen root servers.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025 (SEC, CIK 1014473) — Item 1, Business. VeriSign operates the .com and .net registries under registry agreements with ICANN, and .com additionally under a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce (most recently amended by Amendment 35 on 26 October 2018, automatically renewed on the same terms on 30 November 2024 for a successive six-year term, renewing again on 30 November 2030 unless the DOC gives notice). The .com Registry Agreement runs a six-year term that must be renewed or extended by 30 November 2030 and contains a presumptive right of renewal, with ICANN able to terminate or refuse in certain prescribed circumstances; it permits an increase to the Maximum Price of up to 7% over the previous year in each of the final four years of each six-year period, the current period having begun on 26 October 2024. The .net Registry Agreement was renewed on 29 June 2023, runs to 1 July 2029 and permits increases of up to 10% each year. VeriSign remits $0.2575 to ICANN quarterly for each annual .com registration and $0.25 for each .name registration. It also operates .cc under an agreement with the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, operates .name and internationalised gTLDs, provides back-end services for .edu, performs the Root Zone Maintainer function for ICANN and operates two of the thirteen global internet root servers. Retail pricing is established by registrars; VeriSign must provide ICANN-accredited registrars with non-discriminatory access, faces marketing and bundling limits, must submit new Registry Services for ICANN review, and is subject to vertical-integration restrictions that apply solely to .com — obligations it states do not apply to ccTLDs and other gTLDs and may create a competitive disadvantage. Named registry competitors include CentralNic, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), DENIC eG, GoDaddy, Google, Identity Digital, Nominet, Public Interest Registry, Radix and .xyz. Employee headcount 928 (256 cost of revenues, 240 research and development, 432 selling, general and administrative). — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- ReportedVeriSign employed 928 people at 31 December 2025.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025 (SEC, CIK 1014473) — Item 1, Business. VeriSign operates the .com and .net registries under registry agreements with ICANN, and .com additionally under a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce (most recently amended by Amendment 35 on 26 October 2018, automatically renewed on the same terms on 30 November 2024 for a successive six-year term, renewing again on 30 November 2030 unless the DOC gives notice). The .com Registry Agreement runs a six-year term that must be renewed or extended by 30 November 2030 and contains a presumptive right of renewal, with ICANN able to terminate or refuse in certain prescribed circumstances; it permits an increase to the Maximum Price of up to 7% over the previous year in each of the final four years of each six-year period, the current period having begun on 26 October 2024. The .net Registry Agreement was renewed on 29 June 2023, runs to 1 July 2029 and permits increases of up to 10% each year. VeriSign remits $0.2575 to ICANN quarterly for each annual .com registration and $0.25 for each .name registration. It also operates .cc under an agreement with the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, operates .name and internationalised gTLDs, provides back-end services for .edu, performs the Root Zone Maintainer function for ICANN and operates two of the thirteen global internet root servers. Retail pricing is established by registrars; VeriSign must provide ICANN-accredited registrars with non-discriminatory access, faces marketing and bundling limits, must submit new Registry Services for ICANN review, and is subject to vertical-integration restrictions that apply solely to .com — obligations it states do not apply to ccTLDs and other gTLDs and may create a competitive disadvantage. Named registry competitors include CentralNic, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), DENIC eG, GoDaddy, Google, Identity Digital, Nominet, Public Interest Registry, Radix and .xyz. Employee headcount 928 (256 cost of revenues, 240 research and development, 432 selling, general and administrative). — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- ReportedTotal assets $1,325.9M against total current liabilities of $1,333.1M, with a total stockholders' deficit and an accumulated deficit above $11.3 billion.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K FY2025 — Item 8, consolidated financial statements and notes. Net income $825.7M (2024 $785.7M, 2023 $817.6M); diluted EPS $8.81 ($8.00, $7.90) on 93.8 million diluted shares (98.2, 103.5); income before income taxes $1,068.5M; income tax expense $242.8M. Balance sheet at 31 December 2025: cash and cash equivalents $307.9M, marketable securities $272.6M, property and equipment net $213.7M, goodwill $52.5M, deferred tax assets $233.2M, deposits to acquire intangible assets $145.2M, total assets $1,325.9M; accounts payable and accrued liabilities $298.0M, deferred revenues $1,035.1M current and $349.4M long-term, long-term senior notes $1,788.2M, total current liabilities $1,333.1M — a total stockholders' deficit with an accumulated deficit above $11.3 billion. Net cash provided by operating activities $1,091.1M; the deferred revenues balance increased $80.2M in 2025 ($58.1M in 2024, $27.0M in 2023) and $934.7M of revenue recognised in 2025 had been in the opening deferred balance. Major customers note: the largest customer accounted for approximately 31% of revenues in 2025 and approximately 32% in 2024 and 2023, and the Company does not believe the loss of this customer would have a material adverse effect because end-users would transfer to its other existing customers. Dividends of $0.77 per share were declared in each of the three quarters from the second quarter of 2025, totalling $2.31 per share and $215.2M, accounted for as a reduction of additional paid-in capital; a dividend of $0.81 per share was declared on 3 February 2026. — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- ReportedDeferred revenues were $1.45 billion at 30 June 2026.VeriSign, Inc., Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results — Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1, 23 July 2026. Revenue $435 million, up 6.0% year over year; operating income $296 million against $281 million; net income $217 million and diluted EPS $2.38 against $207 million and $2.21. Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities $1.03 billion, up $454 million from year-end 2025; deferred revenues $1.45 billion at 30 June 2026, up $64 million from year-end. Cash flow from operations $232 million. On 26 June 2026 VeriSign issued $550 million of 5.10% Senior Notes due 2031 and on 20 July 2026 used the proceeds with cash on hand to redeem $550 million of 4.75% Senior Notes due 2027. 0.7 million shares repurchased for $197 million; an additional $884 million authorised effective 23 July 2026 bringing the total authorisation to $1.50 billion; a quarterly dividend of $0.81 per share declared on 20 July 2026. The domain name base ended at 179.1 million .com and .net registrations, a 5.1% increase year over year and a net increase of 3.05 million in the quarter; a record 12.7 million new registrations were processed against 10.4 million; the final first-quarter 2026 renewal rate was 76.3% against 75.5%. CEO Jim Bidzos: the record of 100% availability for the .com and .net domain name resolution system was extended to 29 years, and more than 100% of free cash flow was returned to the investing public through dividends and share repurchases. The .web top-level domain has been delegated into the DNS root zone with VeriSign as the designated registry operator. — Q2 2026 · publ. 2026-07-23 · source ↗
- ReportedGeographic revenues for 2025: U.S. $1,093.1M, EMEA $279.4M, APAC $184.6M and other $99.5M, attributed to the country of domicile of the registrar.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K FY2025 — Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis. Revenues $1,656.6M (+6%) against $1,557.4M in 2024 (+4%) and $1,493.1M in 2023; operating income $1,121.0M (+6%). Costs as a percentage of revenues: cost of revenues 11.8% (12.3%, 13.2%), research and development 6.3% (6.2%, 6.1%), selling, general and administrative 14.2% (13.6%, 13.7%), total costs and expenses 32.3% (32.1%, 33.0%), operating income 67.7% (67.9%, 67.0%), interest expense (4.6)%, net income 49.8% (50.4%, 54.8%). The .com and .net domain name base was 173.5 million at 31 December 2025 (+3%) against 169.0 million in 2024 (−2%) and 172.7 million in 2023. VeriSign processed 41.7 million new .com and .net registrations in 2025 against 37.4 million in 2024; the final third-quarter 2025 renewal rate was 75.4% against 72.2%. The registry-level wholesale fee rose from $9.59 to $10.26 for .com effective 1 September 2024 and from $9.92 to $10.91 for .net effective 1 February 2024. Geographic revenues: U.S. $1,093.1M (+6%), EMEA $279.4M (+12%), APAC $184.6M (+5%), other $99.5M (+3%). VeriSign repurchased 3.4 million shares for $858.6M in 2025, with $1.08 billion remaining under a programme authorised to $1.50 billion effective 24 July 2025. — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- ReportedIn July 2026 VeriSign extended its record of 100% availability for the .com and .net domain name resolution system to 29 consecutive years.VeriSign, Inc., Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results — Form 8-K Exhibit 99.1, 23 July 2026. Revenue $435 million, up 6.0% year over year; operating income $296 million against $281 million; net income $217 million and diluted EPS $2.38 against $207 million and $2.21. Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities $1.03 billion, up $454 million from year-end 2025; deferred revenues $1.45 billion at 30 June 2026, up $64 million from year-end. Cash flow from operations $232 million. On 26 June 2026 VeriSign issued $550 million of 5.10% Senior Notes due 2031 and on 20 July 2026 used the proceeds with cash on hand to redeem $550 million of 4.75% Senior Notes due 2027. 0.7 million shares repurchased for $197 million; an additional $884 million authorised effective 23 July 2026 bringing the total authorisation to $1.50 billion; a quarterly dividend of $0.81 per share declared on 20 July 2026. The domain name base ended at 179.1 million .com and .net registrations, a 5.1% increase year over year and a net increase of 3.05 million in the quarter; a record 12.7 million new registrations were processed against 10.4 million; the final first-quarter 2026 renewal rate was 76.3% against 75.5%. CEO Jim Bidzos: the record of 100% availability for the .com and .net domain name resolution system was extended to 29 years, and more than 100% of free cash flow was returned to the investing public through dividends and share repurchases. The .web top-level domain has been delegated into the DNS root zone with VeriSign as the designated registry operator. — Q2 2026 · publ. 2026-07-23 · source ↗
- ReportedRetail pricing for .com and .net registrations is established by registrars; VeriSign must provide ICANN-accredited registrars with non-discriminatory access, faces marketing and bundling limits, and is barred by vertical-integration restrictions applying solely to .com from selling registrations directly.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025 (SEC, CIK 1014473) — Item 1, Business. VeriSign operates the .com and .net registries under registry agreements with ICANN, and .com additionally under a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce (most recently amended by Amendment 35 on 26 October 2018, automatically renewed on the same terms on 30 November 2024 for a successive six-year term, renewing again on 30 November 2030 unless the DOC gives notice). The .com Registry Agreement runs a six-year term that must be renewed or extended by 30 November 2030 and contains a presumptive right of renewal, with ICANN able to terminate or refuse in certain prescribed circumstances; it permits an increase to the Maximum Price of up to 7% over the previous year in each of the final four years of each six-year period, the current period having begun on 26 October 2024. The .net Registry Agreement was renewed on 29 June 2023, runs to 1 July 2029 and permits increases of up to 10% each year. VeriSign remits $0.2575 to ICANN quarterly for each annual .com registration and $0.25 for each .name registration. It also operates .cc under an agreement with the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, operates .name and internationalised gTLDs, provides back-end services for .edu, performs the Root Zone Maintainer function for ICANN and operates two of the thirteen global internet root servers. Retail pricing is established by registrars; VeriSign must provide ICANN-accredited registrars with non-discriminatory access, faces marketing and bundling limits, must submit new Registry Services for ICANN review, and is subject to vertical-integration restrictions that apply solely to .com — obligations it states do not apply to ccTLDs and other gTLDs and may create a competitive disadvantage. Named registry competitors include CentralNic, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), DENIC eG, GoDaddy, Google, Identity Digital, Nominet, Public Interest Registry, Radix and .xyz. Employee headcount 928 (256 cost of revenues, 240 research and development, 432 selling, general and administrative). — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- ReportedThe Company's largest customer accounted for approximately 31% of revenues in 2025, and the Company does not believe its loss would have a material adverse effect because end-users of that customer would transfer to its other existing customers.VeriSign, Inc., Form 10-K FY2025 — Item 8, consolidated financial statements and notes. Net income $825.7M (2024 $785.7M, 2023 $817.6M); diluted EPS $8.81 ($8.00, $7.90) on 93.8 million diluted shares (98.2, 103.5); income before income taxes $1,068.5M; income tax expense $242.8M. Balance sheet at 31 December 2025: cash and cash equivalents $307.9M, marketable securities $272.6M, property and equipment net $213.7M, goodwill $52.5M, deferred tax assets $233.2M, deposits to acquire intangible assets $145.2M, total assets $1,325.9M; accounts payable and accrued liabilities $298.0M, deferred revenues $1,035.1M current and $349.4M long-term, long-term senior notes $1,788.2M, total current liabilities $1,333.1M — a total stockholders' deficit with an accumulated deficit above $11.3 billion. Net cash provided by operating activities $1,091.1M; the deferred revenues balance increased $80.2M in 2025 ($58.1M in 2024, $27.0M in 2023) and $934.7M of revenue recognised in 2025 had been in the opening deferred balance. Major customers note: the largest customer accounted for approximately 31% of revenues in 2025 and approximately 32% in 2024 and 2023, and the Company does not believe the loss of this customer would have a material adverse effect because end-users would transfer to its other existing customers. Dividends of $0.77 per share were declared in each of the three quarters from the second quarter of 2025, totalling $2.31 per share and $215.2M, accounted for as a reduction of additional paid-in capital; a dividend of $0.81 per share was declared on 3 February 2026. — FY2025 · publ. 2026-02-05 · source ↗
- ReportedICANN's public directory lists 3,323 accredited registrars, the intermediaries through which every .com and .net registration is sold.ICANN — List of Accredited Registrars. The public directory of ICANN-accredited registrars lists 3,323 accreditations; a smaller number of companies hold them, since large registrars operate under multiple accreditation IDs. — August 2026 · publ. 2026-08-27 · source ↗
- ReportedVeriSign trades at about $297 a share, a market capitalisation near $26.8 billion on 90.3 million shares, roughly 31.8 times trailing earnings and 15.7 times trailing sales, at a dividend yield of about 1.1%.VeriSign (NASDAQ: VRSN) market data — share price about $297 and market capitalisation about $26.8 billion on 90.3 million shares outstanding; trailing price/earnings about 31.8 and price/sales about 15.7 on trailing revenue of $1.71 billion and trailing net income of $850 million; price/book not meaningful on negative shareholders' equity; dividend yield about 1.1%. — August 2026 · publ. 2026-08-27 · source ↗
- VeriSign Form 10-K, FY2025 (SEC EDGAR)
- VeriSign — fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 results (SEC Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.1)
- VeriSign (NASDAQ: VRSN) — market data