⚠ Debt Went Up to Buy ItModerate threat

Verizon (VZ) — threat to the moat

Frontier added about $18.6 billion of net unsecured debt and lifted Verizon's leverage from 2.2 to 2.5 times, on top of the C-Band borrowing.

Verizon bought its fibre largely on credit. Net unsecured debt was $110,053 million at the end of 20251 and $128,682 million on 30 June 20262, about $18.6 billion more3. The ratio of net unsecured debt to adjusted EBITDA rose from 2.2 times to 2.5 times45. Total debt was $165,231 million6.

Verizon net unsecured debt ($bn)113.7Dec 2024110.1Dec 2025128.7Jun 2026Verizon Q4 2025 and Q2 2026 results releases, non-GAAP reconciliations
Frontier reversed two years of deleveraging in one quarter.

The year-end figure flattered the starting point, because cash of $19,048 million at the end of 2025 was raised in advance to pay for Frontier7; by June cash was $1,752 million8. The assumed $12.9 billion of Frontier debt9 did the rest.

The 10-K is direct about what that much debt means, including "requiring us to dedicate significant cash flow from operations to the payment of principal, interest"10. It had "approximately $131.1 billion of outstanding unsecured indebtedness" and "$27.1 billion of outstanding secured indebtedness" at the end of 202511.

The contractual picture is heavy. Debt commitments were "$155.8 billion" at the end of 2025, with related interest payments of "$79.1 billion"12. The company's secured debt of $27.1 billion13 is backed largely by customers' device payments, argued on The Customer Who Owes for the Phone.

It has started tidying the inherited debt, with exchange offers for debentures issued by Frontier subsidiaries settled in June 202614. If net unsecured leverage is not back to 2.2 times by the end of 2027, the fibre will have been bought with money the dividend and buybacks also need.

References
  1. ReportedNet unsecured debt was $110,053 million at the end of 2025 and $128,682 million on 30 June 2026, about $18.6 billion more.
    Verizon fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 results release, Form 8-K exhibit 99 - full-year operating statistics, segment EBITDA, free cash flow 2020-2025 and 2026 guidance - cash flow, capital spending, debt and 2026 guidance. — FY2025 · publ. 30 January 2026 · source ↗
  2. ReportedNet unsecured debt was $110,053 million at the end of 2025 and $128,682 million on 30 June 2026, about $18.6 billion more.
    Verizon second-quarter 2026 results release, Form 8-K exhibit 99 - consolidated and segment results, operating statistics, cash flow, balance sheet and guidance - cash flow, balance sheet, capital returns and guidance. — Q2 2026 · publ. 24 July 2026 · source ↗
  3. Moat Explorer calcNet unsecured debt was $110,053 million at the end of 2025 and $128,682 million on 30 June 2026, about $18.6 billion more.
    Moat Explorer calculation from Verizon's reported figures ($ millions unless stated; calendar years). Revenue and profit over the decade: revenue 2015-2025 (138,191 / 131,620) ^ (1/10) - 1 = about 0.5% a year; 138,191 / 131,620 - 1 = +5.0%; range 138,191 - 125,980 = about 12.2bn; 2027 revenue of 142bn would need (142 / 138.191) ^ (1/2) - 1 = about 1.4% a year; operating income 29,259 / 30,615 - 1 = -4.4%; net income 17,174 / 17,879 - 1 = -3.9%; diluted EPS 4.06 / 4.37 - 1 = -7.1%; total assets 404,258 / 244,175 - 1 = +65.6%. Segments 2025: Consumer share of segment operating income 29,628 / (29,628 + 2,532 = 32,160) = 92.1% (2024 29,484 / 31,542 = 93.5%; 2023 29,011 / 31,077 = 93.4%); Business share 2,532 / 32,160 = 7.9%; Q2 2026 Consumer 8,032 / (8,032 + 991 = 9,023) = 89.0%, Q2 2025 7,643 / (7,643 + 724 = 8,367) = 91.3%; Consumer operating margin 29,628 / 106,807 = 27.7%, Business 2,532 / 29,069 = 8.7%; Business share of segment revenue 29,069 / 135,876 = 21.4%; shared network and service costs 17,991 + 9,717 = 27,708, Business share 9,717 / 27,708 = 35.1%; Consumer share of segment EBITDA 43,801 / (43,801 + 6,644) = 86.8%; Consumer revenue 2025 106,807 / 102,904 - 1 = +3.8%, 2023-2025 106,807 / 101,626 - 1 = +5.1%; Consumer service revenue 80,617 / 77,127 - 1 = +4.5%; Consumer equipment 21,779 - 23,930 = -2,151, about 2.2bn below cost; Business revenue 29,069 / 30,122 - 1 = -3.5%; Enterprise and Public Sector 13,532 / 15,076 - 1 = -10.2%; Business Markets and Other 13,555 / 12,697 - 1 = +6.8%; Wholesale 1,953 / 2,313 - 1 = -15.6%; institutional and wholesale decline (15,076 - 13,532) + (2,313 - 1,953) = 1,904; Q2 2026 Consumer revenue 26,242 / 26,648 - 1 = -1.5%; Business revenue 7,155 / 6,973 - 1 = +2.6%; restatement 7,275 - 6,973 = 302 a quarter; mobility and broadband service revenue 2025 75,923 + 14,940 = 90,863. Customers: T-Mobile postpaid accounts 34,700 - 34,237 = 463 more than Verizon; T-Mobile 34,700 / 31,502 - 1 = +10.2%, 34,700 - 31,502 = 3,198; Verizon accounts 34,237 - 34,646 = -409, -1.2%; ARPA premium 168.35 / 152.91 - 1 = +10.1%; cable lines 10,187 + 12,540 = about 22.7 million; cable Q2 net adds 448 + 406 = 854 thousand, 854 / 184 = 4.6 times; Q2 net adds share 184 / (184 + 432 + 448 + 406 = 1,470) = 12.5%; fibre net adds 155 / 367 = 42%; annual churn at 0.92% a month 0.92 x 12 = 11.0%, about one customer in ten; 0.1 point on 94 million = about 94 thousand phones a month; prepaid churn 3.59 / 0.92 = 3.9 times; prepaid annual loss 1 - (1 - 0.0359) ^ 12 = 35.5%, average life 1 / 0.0359 = 27.9 months, a little over two years; revenue per postpaid line 170.62 / 3.67 = 46.49 (2025), 167.26 / 3.61 = 46.33 (2024); ARPA 2025 170.62 / 167.26 - 1 = +2.0%; ARPA Q2 2026 168.35 / 170.79 - 1 = -1.4%; ARPA H1 2026 167.50 / 170.30 - 1 = -1.6%; wireless service revenue 83,703 / 82,073 - 1 = +2.0%; wireless service share of revenue 83,703 / 138,191 = 60.6%; FWA revenue 2,940 / 2,139 - 1 = +37.4%; FWA revenue share 2,940 / 138,191 = 2.1%; fibre annualised 155 x 4 = 620 thousand; passings 2.0 / 30 = 6.7%; passings to fill 2,000 / 620 = 3.2 times. Spectrum and capital: C-Band 45.5 + 7.5 = 53.0bn; licences share of assets 158,159 / 410,186 = 38.6%; licences over goodwill 158,159 / 30,664 = 5.2 times; licences over equity 158,159 / 105,196 = 1.5 times; wireless service revenue per dollar of licences 83,703 / 157,039 = 0.53; spectrum bought June 2026 1.0 + 3.2 = 4.2bn; capex / revenue 17,011 / 138,191 = 12.3% (2025), 23,087 / 136,835 = 16.9% (2022); capex 17,011 / 23,087 - 1 = -26.3%; capex less depreciation 17,011 - 18,349 = -1,338; ROIC averages 2015-2019 (10.8 + 9.1 + 12.7 + 8.2 + 11.3) / 5 = 10.4%, 2021-2025 (8.7 + 7.3 + 5.0 + 7.0 + 7.1) / 5 = 7.0%; interest expense 6,694 / 5,524 - 1 = +21.2% (2023-2025); Q2 interest 1,985 / 1,639 - 1 = +21.1%; interest / operating income 6,694 / 29,259 = 22.9%. Cost, cash and capital returns: employees 89.9 / 99.6 - 1 = -9.7%; severance 533 + 1,733 + 1,715 + 397 = 4,378, about 4.4bn; adjusted EBITDA margin 49,997 / 138,191 = 36.2% (2025), 48,791 / 134,788 = 36.2% (2024); Q2 2026 operating income 7,179 / 8,172 - 1 = -12.2%; free cash flow Q2 6,426 / 5,167 - 1 = +24.4%; adjusted EPS less diluted EPS 4.71 - 4.06 = 0.65; phones sold below cost 28,976 - 25,470 = 3,506, about 3.5bn; dividends / free cash flow 11,481 / 20,126 = 57.0% (2025), 5,864 / 10,209 = 57.4% (H1 2026); dividends / net income 11,481 / 17,174 = 66.9%; dividends per share 2.735 / 2.230 - 1 = +22.6%, (2.735 / 2.230) ^ (1/10) - 1 = 2.1% a year; dividend cost a quarter 0.7075 x 4,155 = about 2,940; buyback average 3,500 / 72.047 = about $48.58 a share; shares 4,155 / 4,217 - 1 = -1.5%; free cash flow yield 21.53 / 193.94 = 11.1%; cash returned about (11.5 + 4.5) / 193.94 = 8.2% of market value; net unsecured debt 128,682 - 110,053 = 18,629; backlog 55.2 / 58.1 - 1 = -5.0%; backlog months 58.1 / 138.191 x 12 = about 5.0; device receivables 34,004 / 31,308 - 1 = +8.6%, allowance 1,628 / 1,315 - 1 = +23.8%; TracFone 3.5 + 3.0 = 6.5bn plus up to 0.65bn. Valuation: Frontier price / market value 22.3 / 193.94 = 11.5%; market value 193.94 / 253.94 - 1 = -23.6% (against end-2019), 193.94 / 188.06 - 1 = +3.1% (against end-2015); target 51.58 / 46.68 - 1 = +10.5%; year-end market value over net income 188.06 / 17.879 = 10.5 (2015), 217.61 / 13.127 = 16.6 (2016), 215.92 / 30.101 = 7.2 (2017), 232.30 / 15.528 = 15.0 (2018), 253.94 / 19.265 = 13.2 (2019), 243.11 / 17.801 = 13.7 (2020), 215.12 / 22.065 = 9.7 (2021), 165.47 / 21.256 = 7.8 (2022), 158.49 / 11.614 = 13.6 (2023), 168.34 / 17.506 = 9.6 (2024), 171.74 / 17.174 = 10.0 (2025); trailing twelve months to June 2026 revenue 138,191 - 67,989 + 68,693 = 138,895, net income 17,174 - 9,882 + 8,880 = 16,172, 193.94 / 16.172 = 12.0, 193.94 / 138.895 = 1.40 - dividends, buybacks, debt and valuation. — 2015-2026 · publ. September 2026 · source ↗
    Method: Arithmetic on figures reported in Verizon's Forms 10-K and 10-Q, quarterly results releases, the recast segment revenue 8-K, peer results releases (T-Mobile, AT&T, Comcast, Charter) and market data; operands shown in the source line.
  4. ReportedThe ratio of net unsecured debt to adjusted EBITDA rose from 2.2 times to 2.5 times.
    Verizon fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 results release, Form 8-K exhibit 99 - full-year operating statistics, segment EBITDA, free cash flow 2020-2025 and 2026 guidance - cash flow, capital spending, debt and 2026 guidance. — FY2025 · publ. 30 January 2026 · source ↗
  5. ReportedThe ratio of net unsecured debt to adjusted EBITDA rose from 2.2 times to 2.5 times.
    Verizon second-quarter 2026 results release, Form 8-K exhibit 99 - consolidated and segment results, operating statistics, cash flow, balance sheet and guidance - cash flow, balance sheet, capital returns and guidance. — Q2 2026 · publ. 24 July 2026 · source ↗
  6. ReportedTotal debt was $165,231 million.
    Verizon second-quarter 2026 results release, Form 8-K exhibit 99 - consolidated and segment results, operating statistics, cash flow, balance sheet and guidance - cash flow, balance sheet, capital returns and guidance. — Q2 2026 · publ. 24 July 2026 · source ↗
  7. ReportedThe year-end figure flattered the starting point, because cash of $19,048 million at the end of 2025 was raised in advance to pay for Frontier; by June cash was $1,752 million.
    Verizon fourth-quarter and full-year 2025 results release, Form 8-K exhibit 99 - full-year operating statistics, segment EBITDA, free cash flow 2020-2025 and 2026 guidance - income statement, segment EBITDA and highlights. — FY2025 · publ. 30 January 2026 · source ↗
  8. ReportedThe year-end figure flattered the starting point, because cash of $19,048 million at the end of 2025 was raised in advance to pay for Frontier; by June cash was $1,752 million.
    Verizon second-quarter 2026 results release, Form 8-K exhibit 99 - consolidated and segment results, operating statistics, cash flow, balance sheet and guidance - consolidated results and special items. — Q2 2026 · publ. 24 July 2026 · source ↗
  9. ReportedThe assumed $12.9 billion of Frontier debt did the rest.
    Verizon Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 30 June 2026 - Frontier purchase accounting, buybacks, spectrum purchases and remaining performance obligations. — Q2 2026 · publ. 31 July 2026 · source ↗
  10. ReportedThe 10-K is direct about what that much debt means, including "requiring us to dedicate significant cash flow from operations to the payment of principal, interest".
    Verizon Communications Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 31 December 2025) - financial statements and notes: debt, interest, pensions, receivables, performance obligations and taxes. — FY2025 · publ. 17 February 2026 · source ↗
  11. ReportedIt had "approximately $131.1 billion of outstanding unsecured indebtedness" and "$27.1 billion of outstanding secured indebtedness" at the end of 2025.
    Verizon Communications Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 31 December 2025) - financial statements and notes: debt, interest, pensions, receivables, performance obligations and taxes. — FY2025 · publ. 17 February 2026 · source ↗
  12. ReportedDebt commitments were "$155.8 billion" at the end of 2025, with related interest payments of "$79.1 billion".
    Verizon Communications Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 31 December 2025) - financial statements and notes: debt, interest, pensions, receivables, performance obligations and taxes. — FY2025 · publ. 17 February 2026 · source ↗
  13. ReportedThe company's secured debt of $27.1 billion is backed largely by customers' device payments, argued on The Customer Who Owes for the Phone.
    Verizon Communications Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 31 December 2025) - financial statements and notes: debt, interest, pensions, receivables, performance obligations and taxes. — FY2025 · publ. 17 February 2026 · source ↗
  14. ReportedIt has started tidying the inherited debt, with exchange offers for debentures issued by Frontier subsidiaries settled in June 2026.
    Verizon Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 of 17 June 2026 - results of exchange offers and consent solicitations for debentures issued by Frontier subsidiaries. — June 2026 · publ. 17 June 2026 · source ↗
Sources
Generated September 29, 2026