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The Pay-TV DistributorsNarrow moat

Walt Disney (DIS) — moat facet

Disney's distributors pay about $18.3 billion a year in affiliate fees, and ESPN, in about 61 million homes, is why they cannot easily walk away.

1. ReportedIn fiscal 2025 Linear Networks earned $6,348 million in affiliate fees and the Sports segment $11,944 million in affiliate and subscription fees, about $18.3 billion together.
   The Walt Disney Company Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 27 September 2025) - Item 1 business and MD&A for Sports: ESPN, its channels and rights, and Star India. — FY2025 · publ. 13 November 2025 · source ↗
2. Moat Explorer calcIn fiscal 2025 Linear Networks earned $6,348 million in affiliate fees and the Sports segment $11,944 million in affiliate and subscription fees, about $18.3 billion together.
   Moat Explorer calculation from Walt Disney reported figures ($ millions unless stated; fiscal years end late September). Experiences: share of total segment operating income 8,954 / 12,863 = 69.6% (FY2023), 9,272 / 15,601 = 59.4% (FY2024), 9,995 / 17,551 = 56.9% (FY2025); nine months FY2026 8,941 / 14,758 = 60.6%; about three-fifths. Experiences share of revenue 36,156 / 94,425 = 38.3%. Entertainment share of segment operating income 4,674 / 17,551 = 26.6%; Sports 2,882 / 17,551 = 16.4%. Segment operating margins FY2025: Experiences 9,995 / 36,156 = 27.6%, Entertainment 4,674 / 42,466 = 11.0%, Sports 2,882 / 17,672 = 16.3%; FY2024: 9,272 / 34,151 = 27.2%, 3,923 / 41,186 = 9.5%, 2,406 / 17,619 = 13.7%; FY2023: 8,954 / 32,549 = 27.5%, 1,444 / 40,635 = 3.6%, 2,465 / 17,111 = 14.4%; FY2022 Entertainment 2,126 / 39,569 = 5.4%; FY2021 Entertainment 5,196 / 36,489 = 14.2%. Domestic Parks & Experiences share of total segment operating income 6,375 / 17,551 = 36.3%; domestic margin 5,876 / 22,677 = 25.9% (FY2023), 5,878 / 23,596 = 24.9% (FY2024), 6,375 / 25,191 = 25.3% (FY2025); Q3 FY2026 2,088 / 7,116 = 29.3%; domestic operating income growth FY2024 5,878 / 5,876 - 1 = 0.0%, FY2025 6,375 / 5,878 - 1 = +8.5%. International margin 1,104 / 5,475 = 20.2%, 1,354 / 6,183 = 21.9%, 1,442 / 6,520 = 22.1%; Q2 FY2026 227 / 1,596 = 14.2%; Q3 FY2026 369 / 1,787 = 20.6%; nine months FY2026 international operating income 428 + 227 + 369 = 1,024. Consumer Products margin 1,974 / 4,397 = 44.9%, 2,040 / 4,372 = 46.7%, 2,178 / 4,445 = 49.0%; Q3 FY2026 560 / 1,065 = 52.6%; share of Experiences revenue 4,445 / 36,156 = 12.3% (about an eighth), of Experiences operating income 2,178 / 9,995 = 21.8% (about a fifth). Experiences capital expenditure 6,429 / 3,659 - 1 = +75.7%; as a share of Experiences operating income 3,659 / 9,272 = 39.5% (FY2024), 6,429 / 9,995 = 64.3% (FY2025). Experiences operating income growth FY2025 9,995 / 9,272 - 1 = +7.8%; revenue growth 34,151 / 32,549 - 1 = +4.9% (FY2024), 36,156 / 34,151 - 1 = +5.9% (FY2025); nine months FY2026 operating income 8,941 / 8,117 - 1 = +10.2%, revenue 29,461 / 27,390 - 1 = +7.6%; company capital expenditure nine months 6,780 / 6,108 - 1 = +11.0%, about 11%. Experiences revenue FY2025 over FY2021 36,156 / 15,961 = 2.27 times. Cruise fleet 6 ships + Destiny + Adventure = 8; + 4 under contract = 12. $60 billion over about 10 years = about $6 billion a year. Media: Linear Networks revenue 9,364 / 12,828 - 1 = -27.0% (FY2022 to FY2025); operating income 2,955 / 5,198 - 1 = -43.2%; FY2025 operating income 2,955 / 3,452 - 1 = -14.4%; margin 5,198 / 12,828 = 40.5% (FY2022), 2,955 / 9,364 = 31.6% (FY2025); linear advertising 2,856 / 4,877 - 1 = -41.4%; linear affiliate fees 6,348 / 7,739 - 1 = -18.0%; FY2025 advertising 2,856 / 3,676 - 1 = -22.3%, affiliate fees 6,348 / 6,872 - 1 = -7.6%. Direct-to-Consumer operating income swing 1,327 - (-3,424) = 4,751 (FY2022 to FY2025); FY2025 margin 1,327 / 24,614 = 5.4%; DTC advertising 3,684 / 3,614 - 1 = +1.9%; advertising share of DTC revenue 3,684 / 24,614 = 15.0%; DTC share of Entertainment revenue 24,614 / 42,466 = 58.0%. Entertainment SVOD margin Q3 FY2026 712 / 5,532 = 12.9%. Entertainment margin Q3 FY2026 1,680 / 11,345 = 14.8%; Entertainment revenue growth FY2021-FY2025 (42,466 / 36,489)^(1/4) - 1 = 3.9% a year; nine months FY2026 revenue 34,669 / 32,258 - 1 = +7.5%, operating income 4,116 / 3,983 - 1 = +3.3%. Content Sales/Licensing and Other margin 392 / 8,488 = 4.6%; theatrical distribution share of revenue 2,592 / 94,425 = 2.7%. Subscribers taking both Disney+ and Hulu 43.7 / 27.1 - 1 = +61.3%. Sports: ESPN Domestic margin 2,814 / 14,636 = 19.2% (FY2022), 2,881 / 14,945 = 19.3% (FY2023), 3,056 / 15,339 = 19.9% (FY2024), 2,801 / 16,085 = 17.4% (FY2025); FY2025 revenue 16,085 / 15,339 - 1 = +4.9%, operating income 2,801 / 3,056 - 1 = -8.3%. Sports affiliate and subscription share of revenue 11,944 / 17,672 = 67.6%. Sports programming commitments FY2026-FY2029 9,894 + 9,797 + 9,540 + 9,101 = 38,332, about $38.3 billion; FY2026 commitments over FY2025 Sports revenue 9,894 / 17,672 = 56.0%. Sports nine months FY2026 operating income 1,701 / 1,971 - 1 = -13.7%, revenue 14,018 / 13,692 - 1 = +2.4%. Sports revenue growth FY2021-FY2025 (17,672 / 15,960)^(1/4) - 1 = 2.6% a year. Star India operating losses 237 + 432 + 636 = 1,305 (FY2022-FY2024). ESPN implied value: 10% for $3 billion = about $30 billion. Affiliate fees FY2025: linear 6,348 + Sports affiliate and subscription 11,944 = 18,292, about $18.3 billion. Advertising FY2025: linear 2,856 + DTC 3,684 + Sports 4,444 = 10,984, about $11.0 billion. Cash, capital and valuation: dividend per share 1.50 (FY2026) / 1.00 (FY2025) - 1 = +50%. Experiences headcount 185,000 / 231,000 total = 80.1%, about four in five. SVOD Q3 FY2026 subscription fee increase 4,715 - 4,116 = 599, advertising increase 851 - 830 = 21; SVOD programming and production costs over SVOD revenue 2,577 / 5,532 = 46.6%, nearly half. Old-basis parks segment operating income 7,905 / 471 = 16.8 times (FY2021 to FY2022). trailing twelve months to June 2026 revenue 94,425 - 71,961 + 76,397 = 98,861, about $98.9 billion; net income 12,404 - 11,091 + 7,287 = 8,600. Restructuring and impairment charges 5,735 (FY2020) + 654 + 237 + 3,892 + 3,595 + 819 (FY2025) + 1,139 (nine months FY2026) = 16,071, about $16.1 billion. Fox goodwill 49,085 / 69,500 = 70.6% of consideration. Goodwill over total assets 73,294 / 197,514 = 37.1% (FY2025); 74,682 / 204,740 = 36.5% (27 June 2026). Buybacks nine months FY2026 7,245 / 68 million shares = $106.5 a share. Fiscal 2026 capital returns at least 9.0bn buybacks + about 2.6bn dividends = about $11.6 billion; free cash flow guided at least 19bn cash from operations - about 9bn capital expenditure = about $10 billion. Nine months FY2026 returned 7,245 + 1,337 = 8,582, / free cash flow 5,735 = 149.6%, about 150%. Net debt 27 June 2026 (8,627 + 37,414 = 46,041) - 5,185 = 40,856; at FY2025 year end 42,026 - 5,695 = 36,331; change 40,856 - 36,331 = 4,525. Unsatisfied performance obligations 16bn / FY2025 revenue 94.425bn = 16.9%. Analyst target 126.61 / 102.19 - 1 = +23.9%, about 24%. Disney market value over Netflix 176.45 / 279.23 = 63.2%, about 63%. Segment bands FY2025 42,466 + 17,672 + 36,156 = 96,294 against reported revenue 94,425 (eliminations 1,869). Nine months FY2026 segment revenues 34,669 + 14,018 + 29,461 = 78,148; Experiences share 29,461 / 78,148 = 37.7%. Year-end market value (31 December after each fiscal year, companiesmarketcap) over net income and revenue: 2015 173.71bn / 8,382 = 20.72, / 52,465 = 3.311; 2016 165.86 / 9,391 = 17.66, / 55,632 = 2.981; 2017 162.04 / 8,980 = 18.04, / 55,137 = 2.939; 2018 164.47 / 12,598 = 13.06, / 59,434 = 2.767; 2019 257.58 / 11,054 = 23.30, / 69,607 = 3.700; 2020 328.02 / 65,388 = 5.017 (loss year); 2021 281.53 / 1,995 = 141.1, / 67,418 = 4.176; 2022 158.43 / 3,145 = 50.38, / 82,722 = 1.915; 2023 165.25 / 2,354 = 70.20, / 88,898 = 1.859; 2024 202.01 / 4,972 = 40.63, / 91,361 = 2.211; 2025 204.17 / 12,404 = 16.46, / 94,425 = 2.162; October 2026 176.45bn / 8,600 = 20.52, / 98,861 = 1.785 - Entertainment and Sports: linear, streaming, ESPN and rights. — FY2015-Q3 FY2026 · publ. October 2026 · source ↗
   Method: Arithmetic on figures reported in Walt Disney Forms 10-K, 10-Q and earnings releases, SEC XBRL, and stockanalysis.com and companiesmarketcap.com market values; each operand is stated in the source line.
3. ReportedNielsen estimates put ESPN in 61 million homes and ESPN2 in 61 million at the end of fiscal 2025.
   The Walt Disney Company Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 27 September 2025) - Item 1 business and MD&A for Sports: ESPN, its channels and rights, and Star India. — FY2025 · publ. 13 November 2025 · source ↗
4. ReportedESPN's domestic affiliate fees rose 7% from higher rates and fell 7% from fewer subscribers that year.
   The Walt Disney Company Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 27 September 2025) - Item 1 business and MD&A for Sports: ESPN, its channels and rights, and Star India. — FY2025 · publ. 13 November 2025 · source ↗
5. ReportedDisney now owns 70% of Fubo, an online distributor, after combining it with Hulu Live TV, so some of the affiliate fees it books are paid by itself and eliminated in the accounts.
   The Walt Disney Company third-quarter fiscal 2026 earnings release, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - the supplemental SVOD detail, Disney+ and Hulu, churn and the membership plan. — Q3 FY2026 · publ. 5 August 2026 · source ↗
6. ReportedEliminations rose to $565 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2026 from $448 million, "due to the Fubo and NFL Transactions".
   The Walt Disney Company third-quarter fiscal 2026 earnings release, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - Sports results, ESPN viewership, the NFL Transaction and programming costs. — Q3 FY2026 · publ. 5 August 2026 · source ↗
7. ReportedYouTube TV dropped Disney's channels for a time in the first quarter of fiscal 2026, and DISH has filed antitrust counterclaims against Disney, including a tying claim.
   The Walt Disney Company first-quarter fiscal 2026 earnings release, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - segment results for the quarter to 27 December 2025 and the approximately $110 million effect of the temporary suspension of YouTube TV carriage. — Q1 FY2026 · publ. February 2026 · source ↗
8. ReportedYouTube TV dropped Disney's channels for a time in the first quarter of fiscal 2026, and DISH has filed antitrust counterclaims against Disney, including a tying claim.
   The Walt Disney Company Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 27 June 2026 - the NFL Transaction and its $3 billion fair value, the Fubo Transaction, litigation including the Disney+ securities class action and the DISH counterclaims, and shares outstanding at 29 July 2026. — Q3 FY2026 · publ. 5 August 2026 · source ↗
9. ReportedFubo, in which Disney holds 70%, is a "publicly-traded virtual multi-channel video programming distributor", and Disney agreed to lend it up to $145 million.
   The Walt Disney Company third-quarter fiscal 2026 earnings release, Form 8-K exhibit 99.1 - Entertainment results by revenue type, the shareholder letter and segment totals. — Q3 FY2026 · publ. 5 August 2026 · source ↗
10. ReportedFubo, in which Disney holds 70%, is a "publicly-traded virtual multi-channel video programming distributor", and Disney agreed to lend it up to $145 million.
    The Walt Disney Company Form 10-K for fiscal 2025 (year ended 27 September 2025) - Item 1 business and MD&A for Entertainment: Linear Networks, Direct-to-Consumer, Content Sales/Licensing, subscribers and revenue by type. — FY2025 · publ. 13 November 2025 · source ↗

• Walt Disney Form 10-K, FY2025